Study of radiation protection for Elekta medical linear accelerator

The incidence of cancer throughout the world is increasing with the prolonged life expectancy that has resulted from improvements in standards of living. About half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy, either as part of their primary treatment or in connection with recurrences or palliation. The International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] has estimated that approximately 2500 teletherapy machines were in use in 1998 in developing countries and that 10000 such machines may be needed by 2015. The preparation of this Safety paper was initiated as a result of an expected increase in the construction of radiotherapy facilities, and in response to Member States that have requested practical guidance regarding the design and shielding of such facilities[1] In this work, The Harshaw Model 4500 Manual TLD Reader was used for Thermo Luminescence Dosimetry [TLD] by using a set of 20 chips Dosimeter TLD-1 00. A comprehensive set of measurements were performed for five different sites inside and outside the accelerator. The obtained results showed agreement with published data in some location while the results of the working staff site were within the limits of the recommended permissible dose where it was about 0.5 m Sievert per year

Rapid detection and titration of rinderpest antibodies in bovine sera using the chamber immunofluorescent technique

Chamber immunofluorescent technique [CIT] was compared with the serum neutralization [SNT] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for the detection of rinderpest virus antibodies in bovine sera. ELISA was found to be the most sensitive test, while CIT compared with SNT was more specific than ELISA. Also, results of CIT were obtained in less than 2 hours. Moreover, titers detected by CIT were comparable to those obtained by SNT. In conclusion, CIT was found to be a reliable, rapid, specific and sensitive technique for the detection of rinderpest antibodies in bovine sera

Determination of proper antigen concentration of foot and mouth disease virus for immunization of Egyptian sheep

Twenty-four sheep of local breeds were used in order to determine the proper FMD virus concentration in vaccinal dose. Four batches of vaccines with different concentration of virus particles [10, 20, 30, and 40 million infective particles per each dose] were prepared and used for sheep vaccination. All sheep challenged by FMD virus [10 4 ID50] gave protection at 21-day post vaccination. Meanwhile, the study of immune response by means of serum neutralizing and complement fixing antibody titers revealed that high titer within protective level [0.9 - 1.2 TCID 50/ml] when sheep vaccinated by dose of 10 million virus particles per dose protected sheep for 5 weeks while when vaccinated by 20 million/dose protection level continues up to 12 weeks, in the same time, sheep vaccinated with dose of 30 and 40 million virus particles per dose gave immunity in protection level up to 24 weeks. The most proper antigenic dose was 30 million virus particles per dose